Sharīʿah Analysis of Easypaisa as a Payment Gateway

Abstract

Easypaisa, as a leading digital payment gateway, illustrates the transformative potential of fintech in expanding financial access across Pakistan. From simple money transfers via USSD to a full suite of services including savings, micro-loans, and insurance, it has reshaped the financial landscape and accelerated economic digitalization. Yet beneath this technological convenience lies a pressing ethical challenge: alignment with Sharīʿah principles. This study critically examines Easypaisa’s operations through the lens of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, analyzing ten domestic and cross-border transaction scenarios to assess compliance and highlighting potential violations of core prohibitions including Ribā, Gharar, Dharar, Maysir, and Jahalah. Survey insights from 50 Sharīʿah experts reveal tensions between profit motives, fiduciary responsibilities, and ethical obligations, underscoring the need for systemic reforms. While Easypaisa contributes to financial inclusion, full Sharīʿah conformity requires transparent contractual frameworks, risk-sharing mechanisms, and robust oversight. Policy-oriented recommendations are offered to transform digital gateways into platforms that not only ensure operational efficiency but also uphold justice, protect wealth, and embed ethical accountability at every level. In this light, true innovation is measured not by speed or reach, but by fidelity to ethical and Sharīʿah imperatives.