مکی سورتوں میں یہود کے ساتھ مکالمہ: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

Most of the contemporary scholars working on the relations of the Prophet (blessings of Allah and peace be on him) with the Jews ignore the Makkan Chapters of the Qur’an because it is generally believed that as the Jews resided in Madinah, their encounter with Muslims started after the Muslims migration to Madinah. The Makkan Chapters show that the Jews had started supporting the Quraysh while Muslims had yet not migrated from Makkah. However, in the beginning they would work behind the curtain and their opposition got stronger with the spread of Islam. The Chapters revealed in the early Makkan period were silent about the Jews; in the middle Makkan period, references about the Jews started; and in the late Makkan period, there was strong criticism of the Jews in a very harsh tone. After migration, when the Jews opposed the Muslim, created troubles for them, waged wars on them and conspired with the Makkan polytheists; all this needs to be understood in the light of this background of the Makkan period. The present paper shows that by the end of the Makkan period, the Jews had appeared as a party against the Muslims and a strong ally of the polytheists. However, all Jews were not of the same category; there were many among them who were true believers and they followed the truth and testified to it. These virtuous people are mentioned not only in the Madinan Chapters but also in the Makkan Chapters.